Improvement in looms



vwoven cloth passes.

UNITED STATE-s PATENT- OFFICE.

JAMES LYALL, or NEW lYORK, N. Y..

IMPROVEMENT -IN Looms.

Specification forming partof Letters' Patent No. 80,982,1led August 11, 1868.

Toall iv/uuu 'it may concern.-

Be it known that LJMns LYALL,-ot' the city und Stute. of New York, have Ainvented and-nutrie u new and useful AImprovement. in Looms for Weaving 5 and l do hereby declare the following; to be zrfull, cloni, end cxact dcscriptiou ot' the seid invention, reference being hdd to the annexed drowings,' making part' of this Yspeci iicstion, whereinlrig'ure 1, is a. vertical longitudinal section of the loom fitted with my improvements. Fig. 2 is on elevation of the lnynnd parts connected therewith. Fig. 3 is un elevctioxnot' the shuttle and shnttledriver in larger size. Fig4`is a. section of' the suine und ot' the luy end reed. Fig. 5 is un end view, end Fig. 6 is u plsu of the shuttle driver detached, end Fig. 7 is e planet' the. lever and its connections that are employed to givefmotion to the shuttle-driver.

Similar marks of reierenee denote the seme parts.

My invention relates to 'a loom for weaving, in which. the shuttle is opeiuted upon and moved continuously duringits entire 'passage across the fabric being woven. Efforts have. b'e'ibre been ninde to attain this object. M y devices are improvements that render this 'olmration practicallysuccessfid. My improve-v ments relate tothe nimmer of constructing the shuttle and the shuttle-driver, and also to the manner ot snpportin g them in the'luy and giving-motion to the 'shuttle-driver.

In the drawing, ay a are the side the loom, braces.' bis the brecst-bemnover which the `which the v yarn passes. Tothe yarn-benin c a suitable let-ofi' motion is applied, and tothe cloth-beam e e take-up motion is litted. The heddles f f are made cs'usual, end operated bythe-footflevers g 1/ and czuns h IL, ou the shaft hf, driven by commit-ent power. These cams here shepedlso as to change at the propel' time, and to hold the shed. open the whiproller, over e is the cloth-roller.

during the passage ot' the shuttle, and the parts thus for described being all well known, both in construction and operation, do not requirefurther deseriptioi1,and l remark that the heddles may be sot and opernted to weave either plain, twilled, or figured goods.

ble nearer to,`or -so 'as to provixie for weer in the parts, or

frames vofv connected together by suitableV .c is the yarn-beam; d,

the shed-` My improvements apply to the ley, the shuttle-rece shuttledriver, and the operative .parts vnent described.

'The lay is mounted upon lthe t'ulcrum t', the swords k extending up und connectingwith lthe rccewey l, that extends from end to end ot' the' lay, and receives the shuttledriver, l'iemet'ter described. The portions ot' the luy that project beyond the sides ot the 4fnlbric that is to be woven' are extended upward und connected with the top or shuttle ruil w of ythe lary. This raceway l and shuttlefrztil "w cnn be mede of either Wood or instel. that they be made of wood, und the bottom and edges of the recewny und the lower surfece ot' the shuttle-rail should .be made o flayers of hard wood, so as not to be Worn by the friction to which they'sre subjected,

In Fig. 4 the dotted lines denote the position ofthe werps when the shed is open, and from this it will be seen that suicient space is left between the receway L end the shuttle-raul w for the opening of the werps by .the heddles, the upper shed,`however,coming into'eoutnct, or nearly so, with the under sideof therail 1w. The front portion of the shuttle-rail w, sgsiust which the shuttle runs', is to be made adjustefartber from, the roceway l,

for variations in the shuttle, the driver, or the thickness otl wasps' in the loom.

In order to introduce .the reeds n, 1 groove the respective perts'lfw, forreceiving the top and. bottornreed-bers. n2' and nl are clamps for holding these bers firmly to their place. (See Fig. 4.)' By this wey. of securing thereed= 'bers the parts-l end'w are tied together and prevented iroln spreading under the action of the` shuttle and shuttle-driver in passing aeloss the fabric. 'll"`,` however, this connection by the reeds i's not sutlicient-in very wide looms, spiate of thinshe'et metal. may be introduced between the werps some little 'wey behind one of the reed-plates and connected et its ends `with. the ruil'wand recewayfl, or several of theseplntes mov be employed et suitable distances apart. he shuttle driver o is formed as a frame fitted to travel in the raeewey l, and provided with rollers 2 2, that travel upon the bottom of said receway, and1 with rollers 3 3k that travel in contact with the under side I, however, prefer of' the wurps and give motion to the shuttle.

' Thesel rollers L und Ii are arranged in pairs near the ends ol the sluittledriver, und their 'surfaces are in contact, so that the rotation ol the rollers 2, hyy contact with theA bottoni oi the raceway, is eomniunicaled to the rollers 2i 3; therefore the surfaces oi'f' the rollers Sii, in contact with the under side ol' the warps,do not cause, any I'riclion or wear upon them, heca-use the surl'uces ot' the rollers are traveling at the sainespeed as the roller itself is" moving* bodily. 1n consequence of this pceuliarity I am enabled to slightly' raise the wurps as the rollers pass under them without disturbing: the warps horizontally, and thus apply a con stant pushing action to the rollers 4 oi' the shuttle that is ou the other side of the warps, to cause it to roll progressively across thel l'ubri'c to he w'oven, instead of havingto bo thrown suddenly, as heretofore, usual.

The shuttle-driver may be provided with a spring cro s-piece, traveling` in grooves in theI sides of the raceway to keep the rollers in contact with thc bottom ot' the rucewayand insure their turning, s The shuttle itsell' is formed of a body, p, having a cavity in one side for the reception ofthe bobbin or spool q, from which the welt-thread 'is led through a deliveryeye, and in the lower part of the shuttle are the rollers 44, one near each end, and the rollers 5 5 are introduced in .the upper part of the.

shuttle, near the. ends, andrnn against the lower eilig-e ol" thcishuttle-rail ie, the upper shed of warps intervening.

It will be seen, on reifen-luce to`Figs. 3 und 4, that the rollers 5 stand at an inclination, so that their axlesure parallel to the inclined under 'surface ol` thc railfw, and that by this means letiect twoiinportant objects :l first, the warps aromi-sed into contact Iwith the under side of' zo, and remain resting agaii st the inclined surface, while the -rollers 5i travel on thcother side of said wai-ps, and hence the warps are not disturbed or injured n i the least, und, in fact, are only consolidated b. "the press-v ure; and, second, the hack ofthe shuttle is'- widcr than the front., and the distance between the hack edges ofthe rollers 4 5 is lgreater than thatlhet'wecn theyfront. edges, hence the shuttle cannot jump ouuof place, either while in the cloth or in the lay beyond the edges ofthey cloth, and the reeds and back ot'l the' lay prevent theshuttle movingback away from its proper position.

`The width between `the railw and raccway l, outside the edges of the fabric, is rto be slightly less, to compensate for the absence of the Warps at these points, and prevents the shuttle andl driver being too loose when out of the cloth. c

It will now be seen that the shuttle travels very near' the point at which the clothlis made, and hence the lay has but little movement,

l .andthe heddles do not require to be opened' -f as wide as usualfandthat the shuttle lcan be propelled continuously across any .width of 'the saidbc'lts are connected fabric if the shuttle-driver is given the requisite motion. i

The means for moving 'the shuttle-driver may vary accordingr to the character ot' loom, the width oi' l'abrie, und the speed` reipiired. 1t is important that the speed ol' said driver be gradually lessened toward the ends ol" its rociprocation and gradually started or accel. era-ted so as to avoid any concussionl oi' the parts or sudden strain on the iveltthread.

I have represented a means l'orf'ell'ecting these objects, which will be next desmihed.

Upon the main shaft li is a ram, Ir,.that is formed as a trough,` receiving a roller, s, on the levert, or as a rib between two rollers'on said lever. I have shown the iornier. The

bottoni ot' this groove is equidistant at. -:ill

points from the center oi the. shaft., and ai the parts 6 and 7'il; is cylindrical and in planes at right angles to said shaft, but at the parts s andi) said groove is diagonal, and thcrespecn ive portions are united by curves at l0, ol' more or less radius. (See liig. 2.)y

By this first one way andthen the other, a pai'ise oc.

curring in its .movement when the roller ls in the part 6 or 7, and the looni is so timed that at. these periods the lay is moved to heat up the filling or weft. Theeurvcs at 1() stop and start the lever lt gradually, and the diagonal positions of thc groove' at S and 9 are such that tllclcver t will be moved more or less rapidly in proportion to the arc through which 'i the cam revolves inv and as the shuttle is from the cndofthislever t tothe 'shuttledriver, t'he travel ol' the shuttle', its gradual producing 'that motion,

stopping and starting, are regulatedV by f the shape of the cani i'.

From the ends of the Shuttlcdriver o hands, cords, .orvcatgu'ts u 'pass each way over the pulleys ul. down to the pulleys 11 ll, that are oul the swords of the lay at a level corresponding to that of thevinoving endoil the lever t, and

-of this endlof sadl'ever.

If the lever can be moved with facility the, Vamount required `for the travel ol' the shuttle, the said connection vofthe belts may he direct, but generally thev motionl will have to be mul-4 f tiplied. This is elected by two,iou`r, or more' moving pulleys, r, upon the end of thc-lever yt, around which lthe belts/pass` f'roin the pull leys 1.1, and areattached at. their ends to the l frame a of the machine, or to the lever, so that twice or more times the motion can be. given to the shuttle-driver than is given to the end of the lever,l the amouutotf length of belt drawn in or given oliby each movement of the lever depending ou the 'number of' moving pulleys and the times the rope is returned around them.

Any suitable means may be employed tov` give motion to the Vbelts that connect withl the; shuttle-driver, such as awheel that is rotated. i

or revolved by the iwtionofl a pinion and turns rst one way and then the other, or a. recipro form ol cam the lever ,'t' is swung;- y

moved by a connection at .opposite sides (ment to all parts oflthc loom.

eating slide or rack may take the place of the lever, or a series of whcels'a'nd pulleys belted together so as to multiply 'the speed may be The lay may v-bej moved by any desired means. I, however, prefer to employ the cams to, (sce Fig. 1,) on the shaft h', that are shaped las arcs of circles at the two points 13 and 14,

so as to allow the lay to remain stationary while the shuttle is in motion, the cam-shapes 15and 16 giving the beat-np by actingagainst the rollers 17 on thelay, and the lay may be thrown .back 'by a spring, but I prefer that the cams w be formed with iianges that runbetween pairs of rollers, which are connected with thelay, thereby insuring a positive move- It will be prei'- erable to have one roller of each pair mounted on a slide that has a limited motion, and a spring to force the rollers toward each other, and thereby prevent the parts wearing loose or becoming noisy'.

When it is desired to weave with differentcolored weft-threads, changeable shuttle-hold ers may be provided to act atthe end of the lay. Y

The. advantages of this loom 'over others may be briefly cmumerated, thus: The weft is not subject to sudden pulls in starting, hence may be oi' the most delicate texture even in the widest fabrics, because the shuttle is started gradually instead of suddenly, as here;

tofore. The reed moves but a little distance, and does not wear-thc warps. The width of the fabric may be extended indeiinitely. The loom runs with less power, and much :more quietly, than heretofore, hcnce'there is less wear on the machinery, and thc building containing the same is not injured. The shuttle is held and entirely controlled by positive-acting mechanism at all times, hence it cannot stop in the cloth and injure the fabric, as is now frequently the case, neither can the shuttle jump out of the loom, as i-t often does in the ordinary looms, at the risk of injury to itself' or the other parts of the machine, or of the attendants, and, in cascof the loom being stopped, cach part is in place forstartingagain. lt will thereforel bo seen that every part and motion in this loom is by a direct and eontinf nous connection with the niotive-power, and

there are no partsythat are operated upon by concussion and alternately held and released, as in the ordinary loom therclbrc the risk oll injury to any portion of the fabric or to the machinery is almost entirely removed. Several pieces oi' narrow-width goods may be woven in a loom adapted to wide widths by leaving sufiicicnt space between the respective pieces .for the shuttle, and introducing` as many shuttle-drivers o upon the belt u as there are pieces of fabric, and providing the same number oi' shuttles,'a11d lessening,r the movement given to the band u, so that the shuttles .will

be carried simultaneously through the respective fabrics, 4iii-st one way and then the other,

thu-s making a selvage on each piece of goods.

By this meansa Wide loom can be made use of instead ofremaining idle when there is not a demand for'v the particular width of goods.

' What 1 claim, and desire'tosecurc by Letters Patent,li s j 1. A- vibratingl lay and a reciprocating shuttle (adapted to passing either end first between the warps) in combination with a carrierprovided with-,actuating-rollers that are moved across the vibrating lay on the other side of the warps, and to which an independ- -ent rotary motion is communicated in the same direction that the rollers would be rotated by contact with the warps, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. In combination with thereciprocating shuttle and lay, a shuttle-driver provided with rollers, substantially as described, so that the rollers that comein contact with the warps are rotated by contact with the rollers thatI support the shuttle-driver, substantially as set v forth.

3. The reed and lay having a raceway, l, and a sh little-rail, w, substantially as set forth, in combination with the reciprocating sl1uttledri ver, and the shuttle that is actuated by said driver, substantially as set forth.

4. A vil'natinglay in combination with a reciprocating;r shuttle and a shuttle-driver that operates upon the shuttle duringl its entire reciprocation, the warps intervening, substantially as set forth.

5. 'll-wo or more moving pulleys combined with the said shuttle-driver, and connect-ions to thc same, substantially asset forth, so as to multiply the movement in operating on the shuttle-driver, as specified.

6. The cams operating, substantially as specified, to stop and start the shuttle gradually and operate while the lay is stationary, 1

in combination with the cams for operating the lay while the shuttle is stationary, substantially as set forth.

7. The cam '10', formed of ailange, in combination with the two rollers that are connected with the lay, one ol' which is' yielding, and between which said flange moves, substantially as set forth. i 4

s. v'lhe slnlttle-driver, substantially as specified, in combination with' cords or their equivalents that pass ott' on opposite sides and are connected to the actuating mechanism at or near the line ofthe axis or i'ulcrum of the lay, substantially as 'spccilied Dated April 24, A. 1)'. v1868.

JAMES LYALL. 

